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Japanese Particles N5-N4
Basic Particles in Japanese with Meanings and Example Sentences.
| No. | Particle | Meaning / Use | Example | Meaning |
| 1 | は (wa) | Topic marker (indicates the topic of the sentence) | わたしは がくせいです。 Watashi wa gakusei desu. |
I am a student. (As for me, I am a student.) |
| 2 | が (ga) | Subject marker (indicates the doer of the action) | わたしが ごはんを たべます。 Watashi ga gohan o tabemasu. |
I eat rice. (I am the one who eats.) |
| 3 | を (o) | Direct object marker (indicates the object being acted on) | わたしは りんごを たべます。 Watashi wa ringo o tabemasu. |
I eat an apple. (I eat the apple.) |
| 4 | に (ni) | Indicates time, place, destination, or existence | がっこうに いきます。 / 7じに おきます。 Gakkō ni ikimasu. / Shichi-ji ni okimasu. |
I go to school. / I get up at 7 o’clock. |
| 5 | で (de) | Indicates place of action, method, means | としょかんで べんきょうします。 / バスで いきます。 Toshokan de benkyō shimasu. / Basu de ikimasu. |
I study at the library. / I go by bus. |
| 6 | と (to) | With / and | ともだちと えいがを みます。 Tomodachi to eiga o mimasu. |
I watch a movie with my friend. |
| 7 | から (kara) | From; starting point (becomes because, since) | にほんから きました。 / あめが ふったから、でかけません。 Nihon kara kimashita. / Ame ga futta kara, dekakemasen. |
I came from Japan. / I won’t go out because it rained. |
| 8 | まで (made) | Until; up to | 9じまで はたらきます。 Ku-ji made hatarakimasu. |
I will work until 9 o’clock. |
| 9 | より (yori) | Than; compared to | わたしは あなたより せが たかいです。 Watashi wa anata yori se ga takai desu. |
I am taller than you. |
| 10 | へ (e) | Direction; to (movement) | うちへ かえります。 Uchi e kaerimasu. |
I will go home. |
| 11 | も (mo) | Also; too; even | わたしも いきます。 Watashi mo ikimasu. |
I will go too. / I also go. |
| 12 | の (no) | Possession; connection | これは わたしの ほんです。 Kore wa watashi no hon desu. |
This is my book. |
| 13 | が (ga) (question) | Used in questions (seeking information) | どこが すきですか。 Doko ga suki desu ka? |
What do you like? (Which part do you like?) |
| 14 | か (ka) | Question marker (yes/no questions) | いきますか。 Ikimasu ka? |
Are you going? (Will you go?) |
TIPS:
– Particles come after the word they are attached to.
– They do not have direct translations in English, but they show the relationship between words.
Example sentence (mixed use):
わたしは ともだちと がっこうへ バスで いきます。
(Watashi wa tomodachi to gakkō e basu de ikimasu.)
I go to school with my friend by bus.
Related Post:
Japanese Particle Exercises (Tests 1–11)
Japanese Particles and Related Exercises PDF
